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Resumo Introdução: As ações desenvolvidas na Atenção Primária à Saúde são um dos pontos fortes de combate à tuberculose. Nesse nível de atenção, o contato contínuo do enfermeiro por meio da consulta de enfermagem permite manter relação com a população adoecida. Diante da relação enfermeiro-pessoa cuidada para o estabelecimento do vínculo e adesão ao tratamento contra tuberculose, compreende-se a importância do referencial teórico de Imogene King para estruturar a interação enfermeiro-pessoa cuidada e oferecer uma dinâmica para esse processo. Objetivo: Analisar a relação enfermeiro-pessoa afetada pela tuberculose fundamentada na Teoria do Alcance de Metas de Imogene King. Método: Estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, com 14 enfermeiros da APS, selecionadas por conveniência. A coleta de dados ocorreu de agosto a novembro de 2018, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, elaborada com base no Registro Meta-Orientado de Enfermagem de Imogene King. Os dados foram analisados de forme qualitativa pelo Software IRAMUTEQ. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética. Resultados: Após a análise, emergiram quatro classes: 1) relação estabelecida com base no acolhimento; 2) relação enfermeiro-pessoa com tuberculose e o apoio de outros profissionais e familiares; 3) relação estabelecida com vistas ao cumprimento do tratamento; e 4) relação estabelecida para enfrentamento do preconceito diante da tuberculose. Conclusão: O acolhimento, a família e o vínculo entre profissional, paciente e equipe da Atenção Primária à Saúde fortalecem o enfrentamento da doença e reforçam a adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso.
Resumen Introducción: Uno de los puntos fuertes de la lucha contra la tuberculosis son las acciones desarrolladas en la atención primaria de salud. En este nivel asistencial, el contacto continuo de las enfermerías a través de la consulta de enfermería permite mantener una relación con la población enferma. Frente a la relación enfermería-persona para el establecimiento del vínculo y la adherencia al tratamiento contra la tuberculosis, se entiende la importancia del referente teórico de Imogene King para estructurar la interacción enfermería-persona y ofrecer una dinámica para este proceso. Objetivo: Análisis de la relación entre el personal de enfermería y las personas afectadas por la tuberculosis, a partir de la teoría del logro de objetivos de Imogene King. Método: Estudio descriptivo con abordaje cualitativo, con 14 enfermeras de atención primaria de salud, seleccionadas por conveniencia. La recolección de datos ocurrió de agosto a noviembre de 2018, a través de una entrevista semiestructurada, elaborada con base en el registro meta-orientado de enfermería de Imogene King. Los datos fueron analizados cualitativamente utilizando el software IRAMUTEQ. La investigación fue aprobada por el Comité de Ética. Resultados: Después del análisis, surgieron cuatro clases: 1) relación establecida con base en la recepción, 2) relación enfermería-persona con tuberculosis y apoyo de otras personas profesionales y familiares, 3) relación establecida con miras al cumplimiento del tratamiento y 4) relación establecida para combatir los prejuicios contra la tuberculosis. Conclusión: La acogida, la familia y el vínculo entre profesional, paciente y equipo de atención primaria de salud fortalecen el afrontamiento de la enfermedad y refuerzan la adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico.
Abstract Introduction: One of the main aspects in the fight against tuberculosis are the actions developed in Primary Health Care (PHC). At this level of care, the nurse's continuous contact through the nursing consultation allows them to maintain a relationship with the sick population. Regarding the nurse-patient relationship for establishing a bond and the compliance with tuberculosis treatment, we understand the importance of Imogene King's theoretical framework for structuring the nurse-patient interaction and offering a dynamic for this process. Objective: To analyze the nurse-tuberculosis patient relationship based on Imogene King's Theory of Goal Achievement. Method: A descriptive study with a qualitative approach, with 14 PHC nurses, selected by convenience. Data were collected from August to November 2018 through semi-structured interviews based on Imogene King's Meta-Oriented Nursing Record. The data were analyzed qualitatively using the IRAMUTEQ software. The research was approved by the Ethics Committee. Results: After the analysis, four classes emerged: 1) relationship established on the basis of welcoming; 2) nurse-tuberculosis patient relationship and the support of other professionals and family members; 3) relationship established towards treatment compliance; and 4) relationship established to confront prejudice associated with tuberculosis. Conclusion: The welcoming, the family, and the bond between the professional, the patient and Primary Health Care team strengthen the coping with the disease and reinforce the compliance with the pharmacological treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Primary Health Care , Tuberculosis/nursing , Nurse-Patient Relations , BrazilABSTRACT
Abstract Dental referrals to the Endodontics Specialty Clinic (ESC) are routine owing to the complexity of endodontic treatments. To obtain a better prognosis for treatment, students/dentists must perceive their technical limits. This study sought to investigate the referrals of patients to the ESC from different clinics of the Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - SP, Brazil, and check: a) the demographic profile of patients and the most commonly affected tooth; b) the clinic with the largest number of referrals; c) the reasons for referrals; d) the complexity of the cases; e) and the difficulty in assessing the referred cases based on the classification provided by the American Association of Endodontists (AAE) and Souza-Filho. The study sample consisted of patients' electronic dental referral records from February 2015 to June 2019. A total of 1,707 patients were referred to the ESC during the study period, and 62.4% were female. Lower molars were the most frequently involved teeth (34.8%), and 60.7% of the cases were referred due to the presence of root curvature. The AAE classification showed prevalence of highly difficult cases (71.3%), whereas Souza-Filho classification demonstrated a high rate of class III cases (85.8%). This study highlights the difficulties encountered by undergraduate students before or during endodontic treatments, reinforcing the need for clear criteria for selecting cases appropriate for each education level, thus improving endodontic treatment prognosis.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Research on the economic burden of sedentary behavior and abdominal obesity on health expenses associated with cardiovascular diseases is scarce. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to verify whether sedentary behavior, isolated and combined with abdominal obesity, influences the medication expenditure among adults with cardiovascular diseases. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of President Prudente, State of São Paulo, Brazil in 2018. METHODS: The study included adults with cardiovascular diseases, aged 30-65 years, who were treated by the Brazilian National Health Services. Sedentary behavior was assessed using a questionnaire. Abdominal obesity was defined by waist circumference. Medication expenditures were verified using the medical records of each patient. RESULTS: The study included a total of 307 adults. Individuals classified in the group with risk factor obesity combined (median [IQ] USD$ 29.39 [45.77]) or isolated (median [IQ] USD$ 27.17 [59.76]) to sedentary behavior had higher medication expenditures than those belonging to the non-obese with low sedentary behavior group (median [IQ] USD$ 13.51 [31.42]) (P = 0.01). The group with combined obesity and sedentary behavior was 2.4 (95%CI = 1.00; 5.79) times more likely to be hypertensive. CONCLUSION: Abdominal obesity was a determining factor for medication expenses, regardless of sedentary behavior, among adults with cardiovascular diseases.
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Objetivo: analisar as representações sociais dos cuidadores familiares sobre os cuidados paliativos em paciente terminal. Método: estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa. Para a interpretação dos resultados foi empregado como aporte teórico a Teoria das Representações Sociais. A pesquisa foi realizada com 30 cuidadores familiares de pacientes com câncer em estágio final. Resultado: observou-se a dimensão do cuidador familiar e o meio inserido das representações sociais. O cuidador não é um mero familiar, mas sim alguém que sofre junto com o doente, principalmente, os que estão com câncer em fase terminal, e por isso também precisa de orientações para seus cuidados físico e emocional. Discussão: A teoria das representações sociais, vinculada a área da saúde do cuidador familiar. Considerações finais: As representações sociais do cuidador familiar possibilitaram identificar a verdadeira extensão das questões diárias no cotidiano profissional
Objective: to analyze the social representations of family caregivers about palliative care in terminally ill patients. Method: descriptive study with a qualitative approach. For the interpretation of the results, the Theory of Social Representations was used as a theoretical contribution. The research was conducted with 30 family caregivers of end-stage cancer patients. Result: the dimension of the family caregiver and the inserted environment of the social representations were observed. The caregiver is not a mere family member, but someone who suffers together with the patient, especially those with terminal cancer, and therefore also needs guidance for their physical and emotional care. Discussion: the theory of social representations, linked to the area of family caregiver health. Final considerations:The social representations of the family caregiver made it possible to identify the true extent of daily issues in the professional routine
Objetivos: analizar las representaciones sociales de los cuidadores familiares sobre los cuidados paliativos en pacientes terminales. Método: estudio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo. Para la interpretación de los resultados se utilizó como aporte teórico la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales. La investigación se llevó a cabo con 30 cuidadores familiares de pacientes con cáncer en etapa terminal. Resultado: se observó la dimensión del cuidador familiar y el ambiente inserto de las representaciones sociales. El cuidador no es un simple miembro de la familia, sino alguien que sufre junto con el paciente, especialmente aquellos con cáncer terminal, y por lo tanto también necesita orientación para su cuidado físico y emocional. Discusión: La teoría de las representaciones sociales, vinculada al área de la salud del cuidador familiar. Consideraciones finales: las representaciones sociales del cuidador familiar permitieron identificar la verdadera extensión de las cuestiones cotidianas en el cotidiano profesional
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Caregivers , Terminally Ill , Social Representation , Palliative CareABSTRACT
Introduction: The use of urinary catheter benefit patients who are unable to urinate for various medical rea-sons. Despite its use, a urinary catheter during its application may introduce bacteria to the urinary tract and result in Urinary tract infection (UTI). Even though the burden of catheter-associated UTI is expected to be high in resource-limited countries, there is limited data. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of culture-confirmed catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), associated factors, and antimicrobial sus-acceptability profiles of bacteria. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (HUCSH), Sidama region, from May-August 2022. One hundred forty-nine catheterized patients at HUCSH were included. Socio-demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected using structured questionnaire. Urine specimens were cultured on blood and MacConkey agar. Culture-confirmed catheter-associated urinary tract infection was established if >1 X 105colonies of bacteria per milliliters of urine was detected. The disc diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. For data analysis, SPSS version 26 was used. Factors associated with culture confirmed CAUTI were assessed using binary logistic regression. Results: The magnitude of culture confirmed CAUTI was 30.2% (n=45; 95% CI=22.8−37.6). The most common bacterial isolates were Escherichia coli (n=12; 26.7%), followed by Klebsiella species (n=10; 22.2%), and Staphylococcus aureus (n=6; 13.3%). Duration of catheterization (AOR=9.6, 95% CI=3.8−24.2) and comorbidities (AOR=4.1, 95% CI=1.7−9.8) were significantly associated with culture-confirmed CAUTI. Most Gram-neg-active bacteria were resistant to commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents. Conclusions:The magnitude of culture-confirmed CAUTI at HUCSH was high.E.coli was the leading bacteria and most of them were resistant to various types of antimicrobial agents. Duration of catheterization and comorbidities were significantly associated with culture-confirmed CAUTI
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Humans , Male , FemaleABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to assess the frequency with which orthodontic patients decided to shift to another type of orthodontic appliance, among conventional metal brackets, ceramic brackets, lingual brackets and clear aligner, based on their personal experiences of pain, ulcers, bad breath, hygiene issues and social difficulties. Material and Methods: This study comprises of patients seeking orthodontic treatment. The sample (n = 500; age group = 19-25 years) was divided equally into four groups based on the treatment modality: conventional metal brackets, ceramic brackets, lingual brackets and clear aligner. Patients rated the questionnaire using a visual analogue scale, to assess variables (such as pain, ulcer etc) that impact various treatment modalities. Subsequently, patients from all groups provided feedback regarding their treatment experiences, and expressed their preference for an alternative modality. Intergroup comparison among the four groups was done using one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's HSD post-hoc test (p ≤ 0.05). Results: Patients who received lingual brackets reported higher levels of pain and ulceration, as compared to those who received clear aligners. All four groups showed statistically significant differences for ulcers during treatment (p ≤ 0.05). Of the 125 patients who received conventional metal brackets, 28% expressed a preference for clear aligner therapy, while 20% preferred ceramic brackets. In the lingual group, 56% of 125 patients preferred clear aligner therapy, and 8% preferred ceramic brackets to complete their treatment. In the ceramic group, 83% did not want to switch, whereas 17% desired to switch to clear aligner, while in aligner group no patient desired to switch. Conclusions: A higher percentage of patients from lingual brackets group chose to shift to clear aligners, followed by conventional metal brackets group and by ceramic brackets group, in this descending order. The clear aligner group demonstrated fewer issues than the other treatment modalities.
RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a frequência com que pacientes ortodônticos decidiram mudar para outro tipo de aparelho ortodôntico, entre braquetes convencionais de metal, braquetes cerâmicos, braquetes linguais e alinhadores transparentes, com base em suas experiências pessoais de dor, aftas, mau hálito, problemas de higiene e dificuldades sociais. Material e Métodos: Esse estudo foi composto por pacientes que procuram tratamento ortodôntico. A amostra (n = 500; faixa etária = 19-25 anos) foi dividida igualmente em quatro grupos, com base na modalidade de tratamento: braquetes metálicos convencionais, braquetes cerâmicos, braquetes linguais e alinhadores transparentes. Os pacientes responderam a um questionário, usando uma escala visual analógica, para avaliar variáveis como dor e aftas, que impactam diferentes modalidades de tratamento. Posteriormente, os pacientes de todos os grupos forneceram feedback sobre suas experiências de tratamento e expressaram sua preferência por uma modalidade alternativa. A comparação intergrupos entre os quatro grupos foi feita usando análise de variância unidirecional com teste post-hoc HSD de Tukey (p ≤ 0,05). Resultados: Os pacientes que usaram braquetes linguais relataram níveis mais elevados de dor e aftas, em comparação com aqueles que usaram alinhadores transparentes. Todos os quatro grupos apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas para aftas durante o tratamento (p ≤ 0,05). Dos 125 pacientes que usaram braquetes metálicos convencionais, 28% expressaram preferência pelo tratamento com alinhadores transparentes, enquanto 20% preferiram braquetes cerâmicos. No grupo com braquetes linguais, 56% dos 125 pacientes preferiram o tratamento com alinhadores transparentes e 8% preferiram braquetes cerâmicos para completar o tratamento. No grupo com braquetes cerâmicos, 83% não queriam trocar de tratamento, enquanto 17% desejavam mudar para os alinhadores transparentes; enquanto no grupo de alinhadores nenhum paciente desejou mudar. Conclusões: Uma porcentagem maior de pacientes do grupo com braquetes linguais optou pela mudança para alinhadores transparentes, seguido pelo grupo com braquetes metálicos convencionais e pelo grupo com braquetes cerâmicos, em ordem decrescente. O grupo de alinhadores transparentes demonstrou menos problemas do que as outras modalidades de tratamento.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of primary drug resistance among HIV-1 patients in Hubei Province from 2020 to 2022, and to provide corresponding basis and data support for HIV antiviral therapy (ART) in Hubei Province. Methods During 2020-2022, plasma samples of HIV-1 infected patients before ART were collected., Patients’ demographic data and baseline laboratory test data were also collected. HIV-1 pol region was amplified by in-house method for sub-type typing and drug-resistant mutation site analysis. Results The pol gene sequence was successfully amplified in 242 of 285 cases, with a success rate of 84.9%. CRF07_BC was the predominant HIV-1 sub-type, accounting for 47.11% (114/242), followed by CRF01_AE, accounting for 25.21% (61/242), sub-type B, accounting for 14.16% (35/242), and CRF55_01B, accounting for 4.13% (10/242). The primary resistance rate was 6.20% (15/242). The mutation site of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) was mainly M184V, and the mutation sites of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) were mainly E138A/G/EG and V179E. These different mutation sites led to different degrees of drug resistance to 12 drugs. The incidence of drug resistance mutation of CRF55_01B sub-type was significantly higher than that of other sub-types. Conclusion The primary drug resistance rate of HIV-1 infected patients is at a slightly high level in Hubei Province, and close monitoring of primary drug resistance and mutation sites should be strengthened before ART, especially for CRF55_01B sub-type.
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Introduction: In critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation, the loss of inspiratory and peripheral muscle strength is associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation and failed weaning. Objective: To determine the relationship between handgrip strength and inspiratory muscle strength with the success of the Spontaneous Breathing Trial in adults with ventilatory support greater than 48 hours. Methodology: Prospective observational cross-sectional study performed at a tertiary hospital in Colombia. Handgrip strength and Maximal Inspiratory Pressure were measured once a day before Spontaneous Breathing Trial testing. Pearson's test and Cohen's D test were used to analyze correlations. Results: A total of 51 patients were included, 57% male, with a mean age of 51.9±20 years. A positive correlation was identified between Maximal Inspiratory Pressure and grip strength; and a negative correlation between grip strength and Maximal Inspiratory Pressure with the days of stay in the intensive care unit, (r -0.40; p<0.05) and (r -0.45; p<0.05). Conclusions: Handgrip strength and Maximal Inspiratory Pressure were positively correlated with Spontaneous Breathing Trial success. The importance of these measures to guide ventilator disconnection processes is highlighted.
Introducción: En el paciente críticamente enfermo con ventilación mecánica, la pérdida de la fuerza de los músculos inspiratorios y periféricos se asocia con ventilación mecánica prolongada y destete fallido. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la fuerza de prensión manual y la fuerza de músculos inspiratorios con el éxito de la prueba de respiración espontánea en adultos con soporte ventilatorio mayor a 48 horas. Metodología: Estudio prospectivo observacional de corte transversal realizado en un hospital de tercer nivel en Colombia. La fuerza de prensión manual y la presión inspiratoria máxima se midieron una vez al día antes de la prueba de prueba de respiración espontánea. Se utilizaron la prueba de Pearson y la prueba D de Cohen para analizar las correlaciones. Resultados: Se incluyeron 51 pacientes, 57 % de sexo masculino, con una edad promedio de 51,9 ± 20 años. Se identificó una correlación positiva entre Presión Inspiratoria Máxima y fuerza de la mano; y una correlación negativa entre la fuerza de la mano y la Presión Inspiratoria Máxima con los días de estancia en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, (r -0,40; p < 0,05) y (r -0,45;p < 0,05). Conclusiones: La fuerza de prensión manual y la Presión Inspiratoria Máxima se correlacionaron positivamente con el éxito de la Prueba de Respiración Espontánea. Se destaca la importancia de estas mediciones para guiar procesos de desconexión del ventilador.
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Introducción: El trauma implica una forma integral de manejo que requiere una significativa inversión en dos aspectos: económico y educativo. Los pacientes politraumatizados son difíciles de valorar, diagnosticar y tratar, ya que presentan un riesgo vital elevado, por lo que se requiere un diagnóstico y tratamiento rápido, complejo y multidisciplinario. Objetivo: Determinar cómo se establece la indicación de los estudios tomográficos en pacientes politraumatizados. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, transversal y prospectiva. El universo estuvo constituido por 43 pacientes con diagnóstico de politrauma, que ingresaron por el Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital Universitario Clínico Quirúrgico Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández, y a los cuales se les indicaron estudios tomográficos, o no, para definir conducta. Resultados: Predominó el grupo etario de entre 31 y 60 años, y el sexo de las personas atendidas con traumas complejos estuvo representado en un 83,7 % por pacientes masculinos. La combinación de traumas fue la que predominó en el universo estudiado, con un 55,8 % de aparición, y predominaron las tomografías múltiples, para un 60,4 %. Conclusiones: La indicación de tomografías múltiples en pacientes politraumatizados no estuvo justificada en el mayor porciento de los casos. La no recogida de la cinemática del trauma, ni la aplicación de las escalas pronósticas que están protocolizadas, llevaron a cometer errores en las indicaciones de complementarios imagenológicos y en la actuación. Se detectó un uso innecesario del equipo, elemento que acorta su vida útil y ocasiona daño biológico al paciente.
Introduction: Trauma implies a comprehensive form of management that requires a significant investment in two aspects: economic and educative. Polytraumatized patients are difficult to assess, diagnose and treat, as they present a high vital risk, therefore fast, comprehensive and multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment are required. Objective: To determine how the indication of tomographic studies in polytraumatized patients is established. Materials and methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective research was carried out. The universe consisted of 43 patients with diagnosis of polytrauma, who entered the Emergency Service of the Clinical Surgical University Hospital Comandante Faustino Perez Hernandez, and who were indicated tomographic studies or not, to define behavior. Results: The age group between 31 and 60 years predominated, and the sex of the people treated with complex trauma was represented in 83.7% by male patients. Trauma combination predominated in the studied universe, with an occurrence of 55.8%, and multiple tomographies predominated, for 60.4%. Conclusions: The indication of multiple tomographies in polytraumatized patients was not justified in the highest percentage of cases. The non-collection of the kinematics of the trauma, nor the application of the prognosis scales that are protocoled, led to mistakes in the indication of complementary imaging and in the performance. An unnecessary use of the equipment was detected, an element that shortens its useful life and causes biological damage to the patient.
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El perfil nutricional de los pacientes ostomizados adquiere especial atención debido a las condiciones que podrían predisponer a una malnutrición. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el perfil nutricional de pacientes ostomizados que reciben atención ambulatoria en el Hospital General del Segundo Departamento de San Pedro-Paraguay - Corea, en el año 2022, se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal. Los datos obtenidos fueron cargados en una planilla electrónica Microsoft-Excel, para el análisis se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Para describir el estado nutricional de los pacientes se emplearon indicadores antropométricos y el Screening de Riesgo Nutricional (NRS-2002), aplicados mediante entrevista y evaluación clínica nutricional. El estudio tuvo una duración global de 9 meses, fueron incluidos 20 pacientes ostomizados atendidos en el Programa Nacional de Atención Integral al Paciente Ostomizado provisto por el Hospital General Paraguay-Corea que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Se respetaron los principios éticos de investigación. El grupo etario más representativo fue el de 41 a 64 años o más, seguido del grupo etario de 20 a 40 años; mayor proporción de sexo masculino, procedencia rural. El tipo de ostomía más frecuente fue colostomía terminal seguido de colostomía laterales; enfermedad de base más frecuente fue el de tipo oncológico, seguida de obstrucción intestinal, trauma y por último fistulas y enfermedad diverticular. En conclusión, la apreciación global del estado nutricional evaluada mediante la herramienta NRS-2002 indicó que el perfil nutricional de los pacientes ostomizados presenta riesgo de malnutrición en todos los casos evaluados.
The nutritional profile of ostomized patients acquires special attention due to the conditions that could predispose to malnutrition. The objective of the study was to determine the nutritional profile of ostomized patients who receive outpatient care at the General Hospital of the Second Department of San Pedro-Paraguay Korea, in the year 2022, an observational study of a cross-section was conducted. The data obtained were loaded in an electronic form Microsoft-Excel, for the analysis was used descriptive statistics. To describe the nutritional status of patients, anthropometric indicators and nutritional risk screening (NRS-2002) were used, applied through nutritional clinical interview and evaluation. The study had a global duration of 9 months, 20 ostomized patients were included in the National Program for Comprehensive Care of the Ostomized Patient provided by the General Paraguay-Corea Hospital that complied with the inclusion criteria. Ethical research principles were respected. The most representative age group was 41 to 64 years or more, followed by the age group from 20 to 40 years; Greater proportion of male sex, rural origin. The most frequent type of ostomy was terminal colostomy followed by lateral colostomy; The most frequent base disease was the oncological type, followed by intestinal obstruction, trauma and finally fistulas and diverticular disease. In conclusion, the global appreciation of the nutritional status evaluated by the NRS-2002 tool indicated that the nutritional profile of ostomized patients has a risk of malnutrition in all cases evaluated.
Subject(s)
Nutritional Sciences/statistics & numerical data , OstomyABSTRACT
Abstract Background: Women are the primary caregivers of children in palliative care. Research has shown that the presence of intimate partner violence at home exacerbates the vulnerability of the caregiver. Current statistics indicate a high prevalence of violence in Mexico present in the intersectionality between intimate partner violence and the role of the primary caregiver. This study aimed to describe the frequency of intimate partner violence among primary palliative caregivers at the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional and prospective study with convenience sampling; no sample calculation was performed. All female primary caregivers of children in the palliative care unit were invited to participate. The Scale of Violence and Index of Severity of Violence was used as the measuring instrument. Results: One hundred women participated in the study by submitting their survey in a designated mailbox. No sociodemographic data or patient diagnoses were collected. The frequency of intimate partner violence was 28%, of which 16% were considered severe cases. Women reported psychological violence (36%), sexual violence (23%), and physical violence (22%). Conclusions: Almost one-third of female primary caregivers of pediatric patients at the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez have been victims of some form of violence by current partners. This study highlights a previously unreported problem and opens the door for studies to correlate intimate partner violence among primary caregivers and the quality of life of children in palliative care.
Resumen Introducción: Las mujeres son las principales cuidadoras de los niños en cuidados paliativos. Las investigaciones han demostrado que la violencia de pareja en el hogar exacerba la vulnerabilidad del cuidador. Las estadísticas actuales sobre violencia en México indican una alta prevalencia presente en la interseccionalidad entre la violencia de pareja y el rol de cuidador principal. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la frecuencia de violencia de pareja entre los cuidadores primarios del Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG). Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal y prospectivo con muestreo por conveniencia; no se realizó ningún cálculo de muestra. Se invitó a participar a todas las mujeres cuidadoras primarias de niños en la Unidad de Cuidados Paliativos. Se utilizó como instrumento la Escala de Violencia e Índice de Severidad de la Violencia. Resultados: Cien mujeres participaron en el estudio; no se recogieron sus datos sociodemográficos ni diagnósticos. La frecuencia de violencia de pareja fue del 28%: 16% se consideraron casos graves. Las mujeres reportaron violencia psicológica (36%), violencia sexual (23%) y violencia física (22%). Conclusiones: Alrededor de la tercera parte de las mujeres cuidadoras principales de pacientes pediátricos del HIMFG han sido víctimas de algún tipo de violencia por parte de sus parejas actuales. Este estudio destaca un problema no informado previamente y abre la puerta a estudios para correlacionar la violencia de pareja íntima entre los cuidadores primarios y la calidad de vida de los niños en cuidados paliativos.
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Introdução: A reconstrução oncológica de defeitos extensos em cabeça e pescoço impõe ao cirurgião plástico a difícil decisão entre o uso de retalhos livres e retalhos pediculados. O retalho supraclavicular é um dos principais exemplos de retalho pediculado, sendo versátil, com espessura delgada e cor semelhante à região a ser reconstruída. Método: Um estudo retrospectivo foi realizado através da coleta de dados de prontuário de pacientes internados no Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, entre dezembro de 2010 e março de 2020. Resultados: Dentre os 62 pacientes reconstruídos com retalho supraclavicular, 37 eram do sexo masculino e 25 do sexo feminino. Cinquenta e oito pacientes (93,5%) possuíam alguma comorbidade associada. Ao todo, 27 complicações relacionadas ao retalho (43,5%) foram registradas, sendo 5 necroses totais (8%). Conclusão: O retalho supraclavicular possui importante papel nas reconstruções oncológicas de cabeça e pescoço e deve ser considerado como opção em pacientes maus candidatos a retalhos microcirúrgicos.
Introduction: The oncological reconstruction of extensive defects in the head and neck requires the plastic surgeon to make a difficult decision between the use of free flaps and pedicled flaps. The supraclavicular flap is one of the main examples of a pedicled flap, being versatile, with a thin thickness and similar color to the region to be reconstructed. Method: A retrospective study was carried out by collecting data from medical records of patients admitted to the Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo between December 2010 and March 2020. Results: Among the 62 patients reconstructed with a supraclavicular flap, 37 were male and 25 female. Fifty-eight patients (93.5%) had some associated comorbidity. In total, 27 complications related to the flap (43.5%) were recorded, 5 of which were total necrosis (8%). Conclusion: The supraclavicular flap plays an important role in head and neck oncological reconstructions and should be considered as an option in patients who are poor candidates for microsurgical flaps.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: analizar el efecto de la reflexología podal sobre la fatiga en pacientes en hemodiálisis, combinando los resultados de estudios independientes sobre este tema. Método: estudio de metaanálisis. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en siete bases de datos. La calidad metodológica de los estudios incluidos se evaluó mediante las herramientas propuestas por el Joanna Briggs Institute. Para el metaanálisis se utilizó el programa Comprehensive Meta-Analysis v3. Resultados: en el metaanálisis se incluyeron ocho estudios. El resultado de la diferencia de medias estandarizada del metaanálisis = 1,580 (Intervalo de Confianza de 95% = 1,075 - 2,085 p = 0,000). El resultado del análisis de subgrupos realizado sobre la base de la diferencia de medias estandarizada en el número de sesiones de reflexología podal = 1,478 (Intervalo de Confianza de 95% = 1,210 - 1,747, p = 0,000). Conclusión: se concluyó que la reflexología podal puede utilizarse para reducir la fatiga en pacientes en hemodiálisis. En los estudios investigados no se proporcionó información sobre los posibles efectos secundarios y negativos de la reflexología podal.
Objective: this meta-analysis study analyzed the effect of foot reflexology on fatigue in hemodialysis patients by combining the results of independent studies on this subject. Method: meta-analysis study. A literature search was conducted in seven databases. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using tools proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis v3 was used for meta-analysis. Results: eight studies were included in the meta-analysis. The result of the meta-analysis standardized mean difference = 1.580 (95% Confidence Interval = 1.075 - 2.085 p = 0.000). The result of the subgroup analysis performed based on the number of foot reflexology sessions standardized mean difference = 1,478 (95% Confidence Interval = 1,210 - 1,747, p = 0.000). Conclusion: it was concluded that foot reflexology can be used to reduce fatigue in hemodialysis patients. No information was provided in the investigated studies about the possible side effects and negative effects of foot reflexology.
Objetivo: analisar o efeito da reflexologia podal sobre a fadiga em pacientes em hemodiálise, combinando os resultados de estudos independentes sobre este assunto. Método: estudo de metanálise. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica em sete bases de dados. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos incluídos foi avaliada por meio de ferramentas propostas pelo Joanna Briggs Institute. Para a metanálise, foi utilizado o Comprehensive Meta-Analysis v3. Resultados: oito estudos foram incluídos na metanálise. O resultado da diferença média padronizada da metanálise = 1,580 (Intervalo de Confiança de 95% = 1,075 - 2,085 p = 0,000). O resultado da análise de subgrupo realizada com base na diferença média padronizada do número de sessões de reflexologia podal = 1,478 (Intervalo de Confiança de 95% = 1,210 - 1,747, p = 0,000). Conclusão: a reflexologia podal pode ser utilizada para reduzir a fadiga em pacientes em hemodiálise. Não foram fornecidas informações nos estudos investigados sobre os possíveis efeitos colaterais e negativos da reflexologia podal.
Subject(s)
Humans , Renal Dialysis/adverse effects , Musculoskeletal Manipulations , Fatigue/ethnology , Fatigue/therapy , Massage/methodsABSTRACT
Abstract This study aimed to assess the impact of the implementation of a rapid multiplex molecular FilmArray Respiratory Panel (FRP) on the medical management of immunocompromised patients from a community general hospital. We conducted a single-center, retrospective, and before-after study. Two periods were evaluated: before the implementation of the FRP (pre-FRP) from April 2017 to May 2018 and after the implementation of the FRP (post-FRP) from January to July 2019. The inclusion criteria were immunocompromised patients over 18 years of age with suspected acute respiratory illness tested by conventional diagnostic meth-ods (pre-FRP) or the FilmArray™ Respiratory Panel v1.7 (post-FRP). A total of 142 patients were included, 64 patients in the pre-FRP and 78 patients in the post-FRP. The positive detec-tion rate was significantly higher in the post-FRP (63% vs. 10%, p <0.01). There were more patients receiving antimicrobial treatment in the pre-FRP compared with the post-FRP period (94% vs. 68%, p <0.01). A decrease in beta-lactam (89% vs. 61%, p <0.01) and macrolide (44% vs. 13%, p < 0.01) prescriptions were observed in the post-FRP. No differences were observed in oseltamivir use (22% vs. 13%, p = 0.14), changes in antimicrobial treatment, hospital admission rate, days-reduction in droplet isolation precautions, hospital length of stay (LOS), admission to intensive care unit (ICU), LOS in ICU, treatment failure and 30-day mortality. The implementa-tion of the FRP impacted patient care by improving diagnostic yield and optimizing antimicrobial treatment in immunocompromised adult patients.
Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto de la implementación del panel respiratorio FilmArray® (FRP), un sistema automatizado de PCR multiplex, en el estándar de cuidado de pacientes adultos inmunocomprometidos en un hospital general. Es un estudio retrospectivo de un único centro con diseno antes/después. Los periodos evaluados fueron abril 2017-mayo 2018, previo a la implementación del FRP (pre-FRP), y enero 2019-julio 2019, luego de la implementación (post-FRP). Los criterios de inclusión fueron pacientes mayores de 18 años inmunocomprometidos con sospecha de infección respiratoria aguda a los que se les realizó, en pre-FRP, diagnóstico por métodos convencionales, y en post-FRP, el panel respiratorio FRP versión 1.7. Se incluyeron un total de 142 pacientes, 64 en pre-FRP y 78 en post-FRP. La tasa de positividad fue significativamente mayor en post-FRP frente a pre-FRP (63 vs. 10%, p<0,01). Hubo más pacientes con tratamiento antimicrobiano en pre-FRP que en post-FRP (94 vs. 68%, p <0,01). En pre-FRP hubo más pacientes tratados con betalactámicos (89 vs. 61%, p <0,01) y macrólidos (44 vs. 13%, p < 0,01). No se observaron diferencias significativas en el uso de oseltamivir (22 vs. 13%, p = 0,14), cambios en los tratamientos, número de hospitalizaciones, uso de aislamientos, duración de la estadía hospitalaria, ingreso a la unidad de cuidados intensivos, estadía en dicha unidad, falla de tratamiento y mortalidad a 30 días. El uso de FRP contribuyó a la atención del paciente mejorando el rendimiento diagnóstico y optimizando la terapia antimicrobiana en pacientes adultos inmunocomprometidos.
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Introducción: Los pacientes quirúrgicos geriátricos tienen afectación funcional y enfermedades asociadas, lo cual aumenta su riesgo quirúrgico con la edad. Objetivo: Determinar el comportamiento del uso de los antibióticos en pacientes geriátricos que requieren cirugía electiva atendidos en el Hospital Vladimir Ilich Lenin del 2018 al 2022. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional, analítico y transversal a pacientes intervenidos por cirugía electiva con tratamiento con antibiótico. Los datos se obtuvieron de las historias clínicas y la entrevista aplicada. Se analizaron variables como edad, sexo, enfermedades asociadas, diagnóstico preoperatorio, tiempo quirúrgico, complicaciones, evolución, filtrado glomerular y dosis antibiótica perioperatoria. Resultados: El empleo de antibióticos fue más utilizado en los grupos de edades de 60 a 64 años y el sexo femenino; las comorbilidades que predominaron fueron la diabetes mellitus, la hipertensión arterial y la cardiopatía isquémica. Los motivos de consulta más frecuentes fueron por litiasis vesicular y por hernias dentro del grupo ASA I de la American Society of Anesthesiologists. Los antibióticos fundamentales fueron con dosis ajustada. Conclusiones: Se necesita de un trabajo diferenciado en cuanto a la atención al adulto mayor. La utilización de un protocolo o algoritmo de trabajo es necesario en la práctica diaria, sobre todo ante la necesidad de una cirugía electiva.
Introduction: Geriatric surgical patients have functional impairment and associated diseases, which increases their surgical risk with age. Objective: To determine the behavior of antibiotic use in geriatric patients requiring elective surgery attended at Hospital Vladimir Ilich Lenin Hospital from 2018 to 2022. Methods: A descriptive, observational, analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted on patients undergoing elective surgery with antibiotic treatment. The data were obtained from medical records and the applied interview. The analyzed variables included age, sex, associated diseases, preoperative diagnosis, surgical time, complications, evolution, glomerular filtration and perioperative antibiotic dose. Results: Antibiotic use was more frequent in the age group 60 to 64 years and in the female sex; the most frequent comorbidities were diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease. The most frequent reasons for consultation were vesicular lithiasis and hernias within the ASA I group of the American Society of Anesthesiologists. The fundamental antibiotics were adjusted by doses. Conclusions: An individualized work is needed in terms of care of the older adult. The use of a working protocol or algorithm is necessary in daily practice, especially when elective surgery is required.
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Introducción: La epilepsia del lóbulo temporal mesial se considera la más frecuente de las epilepsias focales, con signos y síntomas característicos que ayudan a definir su diagnóstico. Contenidos: Dentro de su historia natural, las crisis pueden iniciar en los primeros años de vida, usualmente como episodios febriles con un periodo de remisión, para reaparecer en la adolescencia o en el adulto joven. La presentación electroencefalográfica tiene un patrón característico, con aparición de puntas y ondas agudas interictales en la región temporal anterior, por lo general unilaterales, y con actividad ictal generalmente theta en la misma localización. La causa más frecuente es la esclerosis del hipocampo. El tratamiento con medicamentos anticrisis puede controlar la epilepsia, aunque algunos casos pueden evolucionar a la farmacorresistencia, en la cual la cirugía de epilepsia está indicada, y tiene buenos resultados. Conclusiones: Esta revisión se centra en la descripción de las características electroclínicas de la epilepsia temporal mesial, para hacer un diagnóstico temprano e iniciar un tratamiento adecuado, a efectos de lograr un mejor pronóstico y una mejor calidad de vida para los pacientes con epilepsia y sus familiares.
Introduction: Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy is considered the most common of the focal epilepsies, with characteristic signs and symptoms that help define its diagnosis. Contents: In the natural history of the disease, seizures can begin in the first years of life, usually as febrile seizures with a period of remission, to reappear in adolescence or in the young adult. The electroencephalographic presentation has a characteristic pattern with the appearance of interictal sharp waves and spikes in the anterior temporal region, usually unilateral, and with generally theta ictal activity in the same location. The most common cause is hippocampal sclerosis. Treatment with antiseizure medication can control epilepsy. However, in some cases evolution of drug resistance can occur, leading to epilepsy surgery as the most appropriate treatment, based on its good results. Conclusions: This review focuses on the description of the electroclinical characteristics of temporal mesial epilepsy, in order to make an early diagnosis and adequate treatment, thus providing a better prognosis and quality of life for patients with epilepsy and their families.
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Resumen El soporte nutricional (SN) en pacientes adultos que reciben terapia de oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea (ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) es controvertido. Si bien existen guías para el SN en pacientes pediátricos con ECMO, en adultos no se cuenta con estos lineamientos para el uso, tipo, ruta y momento de la terapia nutricional. En pacientes críticamente enfermos es bien sabido que la nutrición enteral (NE) temprana es beneficiosa, no obstante existe la posibilidad de que en pacientes con ECMO la NE temprana condicione complicaciones gastrointestinales. Asimismo, no se han establecido metas calóricas, proteicas y dosis o tipos de micronutrimentos que usar para esta población en específico, siendo un reto para el clínico encargado de brindar el SN. Aunado a esto los pacientes con ECMO son algunos de los más gravemente enfermos en las unidades de cuidados intensivos, donde la desnutrición se asocia con una mayor morbilidad y mortalidad. En cuanto al uso de nutrición parenteral (NP), no se tiene descrito si implica riesgo de falla en el circuito al momento de introducir lípidos al oxigenador. Por lo anterior es imperativa una correcta evaluación e intervención nutricional específica, realizada por expertos en el tema para mejorar el pronóstico y la calidad de vida en esta población, siendo un objetivo primordial en los cuidados de los pacientes adultos que reciben terapia de ECMO.
Abstract Nutritional support in adult patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy is controversial. Although there are guidelines for the NS (Nutritional support) in pediatric patients with ECMO, in adults these guidelines are not available for the use, type, route and timing of nutritional therapy. In critically ill patients it is well known that early enteral nutrition is beneficial, however there is the possibility that in patients with ECMO early enteral nutrition leads to gastrointestinal complications. Likewise, there have not been established caloric targets, proteins and doses or types of micronutrients to use for this specific population being a challenge for the clinician. In addition, patients with ECMO are some of the most seriously ill in intensive care units, where malnutrition is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Regarding the use of parenteral nutrition (NP) it has not been described if it implies a risk of circuit failure at the time of introducing lipids to the oxygenator. Therefore, a correct evaluation and specific nutritional intervention by experts in the field is imperative to improve the prognosis and quality of life in this population, which is a primary goal in the care of adult patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygen.
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Fundamento: la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 es una enfermedad crónica que ha alcanzado cifras alarmantes de morbilidad y mortalidad en la población. Conocer la calidad de vida de pacientes con este padecimiento permitirá la ejecución de planes y acciones contextualizadas. Objetivo: determinar la calidad de vida según características demográficas de pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 atendidos en un hospital provincial de Perú. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, realizado entre junio y agosto del 2022, con 110 pacientes registrados en el Hospital de Chota, Perú. La calidad de vida se midió con el Cuestionario Diabetes 39, adaptado al contexto estudiado. El análisis de datos se realizó con frecuencias absolutas y relativas, intervalos de confianza al 95 % y U de Mann-Whitney con p 0,05), solo lo fue en energía y movilidad. Conclusión: la calidad de vida de los pacientes fue media a nivel global y por dimensiones, la diferencia en la calidad de vida de los pacientes por sexo y edad fue significativa en energía y movilidad. La planificación y establecimiento de metas comunes entre pacientes, familiares y profesionales de enfermería, permitirá el logro de objetivos.
Foundation: type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that has reached alarming rates of morbidity and mortality in the population. Knowing the quality of life of patients with this condition will allow the execution of plans and contextualized actions. Objective: to determine the quality of life according to demographic characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated at a provincial hospital in Peru. Methods: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, carried out between June and August 2022, with 110 patients registered at the Hospital of Chota, Peru. Quality of life was measured with the Diabetes Questionnaire 39, adapted to the context studied. Data analysis was performed with absolute and relative frequencies, 95 % confidence intervals and Mann-Whitney U with p 0.05), it was only significant in energy and mobility. Conclusion: the quality of life of the patients was average at a global level and by dimensions, the difference in the quality of life of the patients by sex and age was significant in energy and mobility. The planning and establishment of common goals between patients, family members and nursing professionals will allow the achievement of objectives.
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Fundamento: las enfermedades cerebrovasculares constituyen una de las principales causas de mortalidad en el mundo. En las Américas constituyen la tercera causa de muerte y su incidencia se ve aumentada en los pacientes diabéticos tipo 2. Objetivo: caracterizar los pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 con enfermedad cerebrovascular isquémica aguda. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo en pacientes diabéticos que ingresaron en el Hospital Calixto García con diagnóstico de enfermedad cerebrovascular isquémica aguda en el período comprendido entre enero y diciembre 2022. El universo estuvo constituido por la totalidad de pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 que ingresaron en la Institución y la población por 148 pacientes. Las variables analizadas fueron: sexo, color de piel y edad; tensión arterial e índice de masa corporal; colesterol, triacilgliceridos y glicemia; tipo enfermedad cerebrovascular y su gravedad y comorbilidades. Se utilizaron métodos de la estadística descriptiva como frecuencia absoluta y porciento. Los resultados se presentaron en tablas creadas a los efectos. Resultados: predominó el sexo masculino, el color de piel blanca y el grupo etáreo entre los 60 y 69 años con un 58,1 43,9 y 40,5 % respectivamente. Predominaron los pacientes hipertensos y con sobrepeso relacionados con la mayor gravedad de la enfermedad cerebrovascular, los pacientes hiperglicémicos con valores de colesterol y triacilgliceridos altos, en ellos fue más grave el evento isquémico cerebral. La hipertensión arterial y la cardiopatía isquémica prevalecieron en la población estudiada con un 81,8 y 52,7 respectivamente. Conclusiones: la enfermedad cerebrovascular fue más frecuente en el sexo masculino, color de piel blanca y pacientes de edad avanzada. La hipertensión arterial, el sobrepeso, la hiperglucemia así como los valores altos de colesterol y triglicéridos predominaron en la muestra y se relacionaron con la mayor gravedad del evento cerebrovascular isquémico.
Foundation: cerebrovascular diseases are one of the main causes of mortality in the world. In the Americas they constitute the third cause of death and their incidence is increased in type 2 diabetic patients. Objective: to characterize type 2 diabetic patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Method: a descriptive study was carried out in diabetic patients who were admitted to the Calixto García Hospital with a diagnosis of acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease in the period between January and December 2022. The universe consisted of all type 2 diabetic patients who were admitted to the Institution and the population of 148 patients. The variables analyzed were: sex, skin color and age; blood pressure and body mass index; cholesterol, triacylglycerides and glycemia; type of cerebrovascular disease and its severity and comorbidities. Descriptive statistical methods such as absolute frequency and percentage were used. The results were presented in tables created for the purpose. Results: the male sex, the white skin color and the age group between 60 and 69 years predominated with 58.1, 43.9 and 40.5 % respectively. Hypertensive and overweight patients related to the greater severity of cerebrovascular disease, hyperglycemic patients with high cholesterol and triacylglyceride values predominated, and in them the cerebral ischemic event was more severe. Arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease prevailed in the studied population with 81.8 and 52.7 respectively. Conclusions: cerebrovascular disease was more frequent in males, white skin color and elderly patients. Arterial hypertension, overweight, hyperglycemia as well as high cholesterol and triglyceride values predominated in the sample and were related to the greater severity of the ischemic cerebrovascular event.
ABSTRACT
En el contexto de la pandemia de COVID 19 durante el año 2020 y hasta la fecha se diseñó un formato de evaluación para nuestros alumnos de pre y posgrado bajo el alero de los exámenes clínicos objetivos estructurados (ECOE) en un formato remoto. Se revisó la literatura al respecto y se diseñó un instrumento que diera cuenta en forma oportuna y estandarizada del desempeño de nuestros alumnos y residentes. Estas experiencias están siendo evaluadas en estudios con metodología mixta. Sin embargo, decidimos compartir esta experiencia, por su impacto en el desarrollo docente de las ciencias de la salud.
In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020 and to date, an evaluation format has been designed for our undergraduate and graduate students under the design of the objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE) in a remote format. The literature was reviewed, and an instrument was designed to account for the performance of our students and residents in a timely and standardized manner. These experiences are being evaluated in studies with mixed methodology. However, we wanted to convey this experience due to its impact on the educational development of health sciences.